As such, GlassFish is more heavyweight than either Tomcat or Jetty-and, arguably, a bit more difficult to operate. GlassFish is fully featured and certified Java EE application server developed by Oracle. Both make Jetty a great fit for constrained environments and for embedding in other products. Two of its main selling points are its compactness and small footprint. And just like Tomcat, you can still use most of the features by including additional third-party dependencies.Įven though Jetty’s market share is nowhere near Tomcat’s, it’s still widely used in the industry. Just like Tomcat, it lacks support for many Java EE features. Jetty is another application server (this one developed by Eclipse Foundation) that isn’t technically a fully featured Java EE container. With good documentation and no shortage of tutorials about it on the internet, Tomcat is a serious contender for the role of application server in almost all Java web applications. So Tomcat is mature, well-documented, and the most widely used Java application server. I’m guessing you’re looking for a solution and aren’t that interested in terminology intricacies, so I’ll keep calling Tomcat (and later Jetty) an application server to avoid complicating things with too many terms. The bottom line is that you can run Java EE applications on Tomcat. You’ll just need to include them as additional third-party dependencies in your application. But even though Tomcat doesn’t support some Java EE features out of the box, you can still use most of these features. The accurate title for Tomcat would be either “web server” or “servlet container”. Indeed, Tomcat doesn’t implement all the features required of a Java EE application server.
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Also, there is a Web Profile subset of the full EE platform now available, as well as a servlet-only web container. Oracle has transferred Java EE to the Eclipse Foundation, and it is now called Jakarta EE after Java EE 8.
As of today, Oracle lists three such containers, and Tomcat isn’t one of them. Therefore, strictly speaking, I should call only the containers that pass Java EE compatibility tests by the name application servers. A specification called Java EE precisely defines the functionality of application servers. Remember when I said that application servers provide some infrastructure and functional capabilities to your application? Well, this set of capabilities isn’t arbitrary. See, I’m calling it an application server when technically…it isn’t. However, there’s a bit of confusion (and even controversy) about Tomcat’s merit as an application server. Some sources claim Tomcat’s market share to be more than a whopping 60% of all Java application server deployments.
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Tomcat is the most popular application server used with Java web applications developed by the Apache Software Foundation.
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